摘要:
Pu是一种非常关键的放射性元素,其分离纯化是乏燃料后处理中的核心技术,同时,研究Pu的分离也对环境保护和放射性污染修复具有重要的意义。目前分离纯化Pu的主要方法有沉淀法、萃取法、吸附法等,其中吸附法是分离纯化Pu的重要方法之一。吸附法具有操作简单,吸附速率快等优点,同时吸附材料具有较大的吸附容量、价格低廉等优点。本文根据吸附材料性质的不同,主要从天然矿物、聚合物树脂、无机氧化物、碳材料以及纳米材料等五个方面介绍了国内外对Pu吸附行为的研究进展,总结了不同吸附材料对Pu的吸附能力及其影响因素,讨论了相关吸附机理,对不同材料的优缺点进行了分析;最后,就Pu吸附分离研究和应用存在的问题和未来发展方向进行了分析和展望,以期对包括Pu在内的放射性元素吸附分离研究和应用提供参考。
Abstract:
Plutonium(Pu) is a very critical radioactive element, and its separation and purification are the core technology in the reprocessing of spent fuel. At the same time, research on the separation of Pu is also of great significance to environmental protection and radioactive pollution remediation. Currently, precipitation, extraction, and adsorption are the primary techniques for separating and purifying plutonium. Of these, adsorption is a crucial method for the process. The technique offers benefits such as simplicity of operation and high-speed adsorption. Additionally, adsorbents have advantages in the form of low cost and high adsorption capacity. In the review, according to the properties of adsorption materials, we introduced the research progress on the adsorption and separation of Pu from five aspects: natural mineral, polymer resins, inorganic oxides, carbon materials and nanomaterials. Furthermore, the adsorption ability and mechanisms of these different adsorption materials as well as the influencing factors during the adsorption process were also summarized and discussed. Based on these discussions, the advantages and disadvantages of these different materials were also evaluated. Finally, the problems and future development trend of the plutonium adsorption and separation were analyzed and prospected, which should be provided guidance for the research and application in the adsorption and separation of Pu and other radionuclides.